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|| Adult Obesity Prevalence Remains High in America: Support for Prevention and Treatment Needed ||

 

 

|| Friday: September 22: 2023 || ά. New population data from 2022 show 22 states in America have an adult obesity prevalence rate at or above 35%, compared to 19 states in 2021, according to data from the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention:CDC. Just ten years ago, no state had an adult obesity prevalence at or above 35%. The 2022 Adult Obesity Prevalence Maps highlight the need for population-based interventions to ensure that all people have access to healthy foods, safe places for physical activity, stigma-free obesity prevention and treatment programmes and evidence-based health care services, such as, medication and surgery.

The 22 states with an adult obesity prevalence rate at or above 35% include: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Georgia, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia and Wisconsin. The 2022 maps show that obesity impacts some groups more than others. There are notable differences by ethnicities, as shown by combined data from 2020–2022.

Among geographic groups, states, territories or DC with enough data, the number with an adult obesity prevalence of 35% or higher, by ethnicity, is: American Indian or Alaska Native adults: 33 among 47 states; Asian adults: 0 among 37 states, 1 territory and DC; Black adults: 38 among 48 states and DC;    Hispanic adults: 32 among 49 states, 02 territories and DC and White adults: 14 among 49 states, 1 territory and DC.

State-based adult obesity prevalence by ethnicity and location is based on self-reported height and weight data from the Behavioural Risk Factor Surveillance System. Adults with obesity are at increased risk for many other serious health conditions, including as heart disease, stroke, type two diabetes, some cancers, severe outcomes from COVID-19, and poor mental health. Additionally, people with obesity report being stigmatised because of their weight.

To make progress, everyone, from the federal, state and local governments; communities; providers and public health partners, can work together to provide comprehensive support for obesity prevention and treatment.

CDC’s Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity carries out proven strategies to improve health, prevent chronic diseases, support optimal early life growth and development and reduce health disparities among racial and ethnic populations with the highest risk or burden, of chronic disease. These strategies include food service and nutrition guidelines, fruit and vegetable vouchers and produce prescriptions, safe and accessible physical activity family healthy weight programmes, continuity of care in breastfeeding support, early care and education settings.

Ms Karen Hacker, MD, MPH, the Director of CDC’s National Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, said, ‘’Our updated maps send a clear message that additional support for obesity prevention and treatment is an urgent priority. Obesity is a disease caused by many factors, including eating patterns, physical activity levels, sleep routines, genetics and certain medications. This means that there is no one size fits all approach. However, we know the key strategies that work include addressing the underlying social determinants of health, such as, access to healthcare, healthy and affordable food and safe places for physical activity.” ::::ω::::

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|| Ketogenic Diet: New Research Finds the Diet A Double-Edged Sword: It Does Delay Tumour Growth But Accelerates Cachexia That Could Cause Death by Wasting Syndrome ||

 

|| Tuesday: September 12: 2023 || ά. New research has discovered that ketogenic diets delay tumour growth but accelerate Cachexia, a wasting syndrome, an unintended side effect that could cause death. They, also, found that Dexamethasone might help to optimise the benefits of ketogenic diets by delaying Cachexia.

Ketogenic diets, characterised by their high-fat and low-carbohydrate composition, have recently attracted attention as potential adjuvants, that increase the efficacy of cancer therapy.  This stems from speculation that cancers feed on sugar and, hence, adopting a ketogenic high-fat diet may enhance anti-cancer therapies and improve clinical outcomes by ‘starving’ the tumour of its energy source.

In their recent study, the research team showed, using two different experimental models, that such diets can indeed slow cancer growth but, unexpectedly, they cause a ‘Wasting Syndrome’ or Cachexia, which worsens the disease prognosis.

Professor Ashok Venkitaraman, the Director of the Cancer Science Institute of Singapore at the National University of Singapore, together with Assistant Professor Tobias Janowitz, the Principal Investigator at the Cold Spring Harbour Laboratory in New York and an international group of researchers from the USA and UK conducted this research.

Professor Venkitaraman said, “Special diets may help to make cancer therapy more effective. However, our research highlights that dietary interventions affect many organ systems beyond just cancer cells, leading to both deleterious and positive consequences.

The mechanism we have identified raises critical questions, regarding the use of high-fat or starvation diets in the treatment of cancer. Further investigation is needed to fully understand the balance of benefits and risks associated with these dietary approaches.”

The Study, also, found that Dexamethasone, a potent glucocorticoid, which improves appetite and increases endogenous glucose production, can delay Cachexia. When taken together with a ketogenic diet, such drugs may allow suppression of tumour growth, without the undesirable effects of Cachexia.

New combinations of this kind may be necessary to optimise dietary intervention as a part of cancer therapy. Ultimately, more work is needed to translate this pre-clinical research for the benefit of patients, suffering from cancer.

The research have been published in the journal Cell Metabolism.

::: Caption: Ketogenic diets may enhance anti-cancer therapies but could cause Cachexia, which could be life threatening. Dexamethasone could optimise ketogenic diets as part of cancer therapy: Image: National University of Singapore :::ω:::

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|| A Healthy Diet Reading and Organised Sports Promote Reasoning Skills in Children ||

 

|| Thursday: August 31: 2023 || ά. Reasoning skills are crucial skills in learning, academic performance and everyday problem-solving. According to a recent study, conducted at the University of Eastern Finland, improved overall diet quality and reduced consumption of red meat, as well as, increased time spent in reading and organised sports enhanced reasoning skills among children over the first two school years.

Children, who spent more time in reading and organised sports showed better reasoning skills than their peers. On the other hand, excessive time spent on a computer and unsupervised leisure-time physical activity were associated with poorer reasoning skills. Screen time, active school transportation, recess physical activity and physical activity intensity were not associated with reasoning skills. 

“Children with healthier eating habits showed greater cognitive development than other children. Specifically, better overall diet quality, lower red meat consumption and higher low-fat dairy product intake were linked to better reasoning skills.” says Doctoral Researcher Sehrish Naveed of the University of Eastern Finland.

Over half of the children participated in a two-year family-based and individualised diet and physical activity intervention. However, the intervention did not impact reasoning skills, with the children in the intervention and control groups exhibiting similar cognitive development.

“In the lives of growing children, diet and physical activity intervention is just one factor influencing lifestyle and reasoning skills. Based on our study, investing in a healthy diet and encouraging children to read are beneficial for the development of reasoning skills among children. Additionally, engaging in organised sports appears to support reasoning skills.” Dr Eero Haapala points out.

Published in the Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, the results of this study are based on data from the Physical Activity and Nutrition in Children:PANIC study. This sub-study examined the effects of a two-year diet and physical activity intervention on cognition among 397 Finnish elementary school children. The associations of dietary factors, physical activity and sedentary behaviour with cognition over two years were, also, studied. The analyses considered parental education and income, as well as, children’s body fat percentage and maturity level.

Publication: Naveed S, Sallinen T, Eloranta A-M, Skog H, Jalkanen H, Brage S, Ekelund U, Pentikäinen H, Savonen K, Lakka TA, Haapala EA. Effects of Two-year Dietary and Physical Activity Intervention on Cognition in Children-A Nonrandomized Controlled Trial. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports 2023. :::ω:::

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Independent Panel Finds Critical Early Failings by the World Health Organisation and of the Whole World States and Governments in the COVID-19 Response

 

 

|| Tuesday: January 19: 2021 || ά. The global system for pandemic alert and response is ‘not fit for purpose’, highlighting the need for a new framework in the wake of COVID-19, experts appointed by the World Health Organisation:WHO said in an interim report presented on Tuesday, January 19. The Independent Panel for Pandemic Preparedness and Response found critical elements to be ‘slow, cumbersome and indecisive’ in an era when information about new disease outbreaks is being transmitted faster than countries can formally report on them.

“When there is a potential health threat, countries and the World Health Organisation must further use the 21st century digital

tools at their disposal to keep pace with news, that spreads instantly on social media and infectious pathogens, that spread rapidly through travel.” said Ms Helen Clark, the former Prime Minister of New Zealand and the Co-chair of the Panel. “Detection and alert may have been speedy by the standards of earlier novel pathogens but, viruses move in minutes and hours, rather than in days and weeks.” 

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World Health Organisation Urges to Step Up Surveillance of Emerging Coronavirus Variants

|| Wednesday: January 13: 2021 || ά. Efforts should be stepped up to quickly identify and study emerging variants of the COVID-19-causing SARS-CoV-2 virus, the World Health Organisation:WHO scientists said. Alongside monitoring, virus and serum samples should be shared via globally agreed mechanisms so that critical research can be promptly initiated each time, according to the agency.

“Our collective goal is to get ahead of the game and have a global mechanism to quickly identify and study variants of concern and understand their implications for disease control efforts.” said Ms Ana Maria Henao Restrepo, the Head of WHO’s RandD Blueprint. She was speaking at a virtual meeting of scientists from around the globe, convened by the UN health agency, attended by over 1,750 experts from 124 countries.

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