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First Published: September 24: 2015

The Elleesium: England: UK: Year Ninth: Day 149: Monday: February 19: 2024: Cogito Ergo Sum: Descartes

The Humanion

|| Editorial || Israel: Palestine: World Humanity: Stop Fighting and Killing: Stop Following Pseudo-Reasoning: No Power Had Ever Been Able to Enforce Peace Since the Dawn of Time Because Peace Is the Outcome of Righteousness of Reason: Stop the Slaughter NOW and Strive For Peace For Blessed Are the Peace-Makers ||

|| Friday: October 27: 2023 || ά. Imagine, dear Reader, that this Universe, the Mother Universana, is the Mammothcrosm of the seismic dot of this Mother Earth, who is the nanocrosm of that Mammothcrosm, with whom the miniscule super-nano-dot, the Moon, is attached and she is The Mother of Existence and Life on this Temporal Universe, that appears and disappears at the same time eternally. She is no Christian, no Jew, no Muslim, no Buddhist, no Jain, no Rasta, no Deist, no Atheist. No adjective ought to be added before her mighty name for she has already got the highest, infinite name: The Mother. And we begin this Editorial with the Mother of the Editor-In-Chief of this Publication, of this Mother Universana, had told him this story when he was learning to stand and walk, learn and grow: This is the story his great Philosopher of a Mother told him once:  

Once upon a time, there was a Young Man. He was one of the poorest of the poor of the rich Kingdom of the Glorious, where the most beautiful, most intelligent and most rich Princess Humana lived in high honour in high riches, whom the whole Kingdom’s young men loved and sought to woe. Among them was this Poor Young Man. Suppose he had name, Mad. So, like every other young men of the Kingdom, Mad was in love with Humana and, unlike the any other of his competitors, he was absolutely mad about her and he lived and died in each of his breath for The Princess.

|| Astrophysics || NASA’s Bennu Asteroid Sample Contains Carbon and Water: And Water Contains the Duo-Jewels of Life: Oxygen and Hydrogen: Already A School of Life ||

|| Sunday: October 15: 2023 || ά. Initial studies of the 04.5-billion-year-old asteroid Bennu sample, collected in space and brought to Earth by NASA show evidence of high-carbon content and water, which together could indicate the building blocks of life on Earth may be found in the rock. NASA made the news Wednesday from its Johnson Space Centre in Houston where leadership and scientists showed off the asteroid material for the first time since it landed in September. 

This finding was part of a preliminary assessment of NASA’s Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification and Security: Regolith Explorer: OSIRIS-Rex, science team. “The OSIRIS-REx sample is the biggest carbon-rich asteroid sample ever delivered to Earth and will help scientists investigate the origins of life on our own planet for generations to come.” Said NASA Administrator Bill Nelson. “Almost, everything we do at NASA, seeks to answer questions about who we are and where we come from.

|| Ecology || The First Evidence That Albatrosses Use Infrasound to Navigate Long Journeys ||

|| Saturday: October 14: 2023 || ά. A new Study by the University of Liverpool provides the first evidence that wandering albatrosses, one of the widest-ranging seabirds, may use infrasound to help them navigate long and featureless foraging trips covering thousands of miles. In a Paper, published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers from the University’s School of Environmental Sciences show that albatrosses orientate towards areas of ‘loud’ microbarom infrasound when flying on long distance foraging trips. 

Infrasound is a form of low-frequency sound, inaudible to humans but is ubiquitous in the marine environment.  Microbaroms are a type of infrasound, associated with colliding ocean waves. Such wavy areas are, also, associated with strong winds, which albatrosses depend on to help them fly efficiently. The researchers used GPS trackers to determine the flight paths of 89 wandering albatrosses breeding in the Crozet Islands archipelago, Southern Ocean, over the course of their foraging trips to sea, which can last up to a month.

|| Immunology || Streptococcus Pyogenes Molecule Illuminates Cancer Immune Therapies ||

|| Tuesday: October 10: 2023 || ά. Researchers at Harvard Medical School have discovered that a molecule, made by Streptococcus pyogenes, the bacterium, that causes strep throat and other infections, could help explain several long-standing medical mysteries: Why strep sometimes leads to serious immune complications, including rheumatic fever. How the immune system's recognition of the molecule may contribute to diseases like lupus.

Or why one of the first cancer immunotherapies showed promise more than 100 years ago. How current immune therapies for cancer could be more effective. The findings contradict a long-standing belief that the immune system ignores this bacterial molecule and could propel efforts to tame or activate the immune system to treat a range of diseases. The research team, led by the lab of HMS biochemist Jon Clardy, published its findings in the Journal of the American Chemical Society.

|| Bacteriology || Scientists Identify Gut Bacteria Linked to Bone Density and Bone Strength ||

|| Tuesday: October 10: 2023 || ά. Evidence is mounting that the microbes, residing in the human gut, play a role in a range of physiologic functions, including immunity, metabolism, inflammation and, even, mental health. A new Study, led by Harvard Medical School researchers at Hebrew Senior Life, links the gut microbiome to, yet another, important aspect of human health: bone density and strength.

The research, published in Frontiers of Endocrinology, identified tantalising links between certain bacteria and critical dimensions of bone health. “We found patterns in which greater abundance of microbiota were associated with worse measures of bone density and micro-architecture.” Said the Principal Investigator Professor Douglas Kiel, HMS professor of medicine and Senior Scientist at the Marcus Institute for Aging Research at Hebrew Senior Life.

|| Biomedicoengineering || The Total-Body Positron Emission Tomography Scanner Will Enable Scotland Unlock Better Images of Diseases ||

|| Sunday: October 08: 2023 || ά. Scotland is set to receive its first total-body scanner in a boost to clinical research, that aims to improve the detection, diagnosis and treatment of complex, multi-organ diseases. The Total-Body Positron Emission Tomography:PET facility, due to be operational in 2024, will capture whole-body images of patients in more detail and use less radiation than existing scanners.

In combination with data from the other new scanner in London, the Scotland scanner forms part of a new National PET Imaging Platform:NPIP, which, experts believe, will accelerate the development of new drugs and diagnostics. The platform, a partnership between Medicines Discovery Catapult:MDC, the Medical Research Council:MRC and Innovate UK, aims to advance healthcare research and clinical trials and unlock new treatments for complex diseases like cancer, as well as, cardiovascular and neurological diseases.

|| Molecular Biology || Professor Naomi Hamburg Awarded $03.7 Million to Study How Endothelial Cell Health Impacts Disease ||

|| Sunday: October 08: 2023 || ά. Professor Naomi Hamburg, MD, the Joseph A Vita Professor of Medicine at Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, has been awarded $03.7 million grant from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute for her research study, ‘Endothelial Cell Health Across the Spectrum of Cardiometabolic Disease’. Cardiometabolic diseases are a group of common but, often, preventable conditions, including heart attack, stroke, diabetes, insulin resistance and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.  

The escalating prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors, including obesity and type two diabetes mellitus:T2DM, presents a critical cardiovascular challenge. Individuals with cardiometabolic disease harbour greater risk of cardiovascular disease:CVD, including accelerated vascular aging and premature blood vessel blockages. Importantly, changes in the endothelial cells, that line blood vessels predate the development of clinical CVD. Endothelial cell health is a window into early heart disease risk. Getting a glimpse into endothelial cells from people has potential to help create new treatments to protect blood vessel health. “Experimental studies and our prior work link altered metabolism to organelle, sub-cellular structure, that has one or more specific jobs to perform in the cell stress, including mitochondrial dysfunction and stress.

|| Psychiatry || New Study: Black Women 18–65 Have the Highest Suicide Risk Among Women ||

|| Sunday: October 08: 2023 || ά. Suicide is the second leading cause of death in America among individuals, 10-34 and the fourth leading cause of death for individuals, 35-44. Suicide attempts, non-fatal, self-directed potentially injurious behaviour with any intent to die, and self-inflicted injuries represent a major risk factor for completed suicides. In 2020, more than 01.2 million people over the age of 18 reported a suicide attempt in the country. 

And hundreds of thousands more presented to hospitals with self-harm injuries. Although, there is data on gender disparity in suicide:self-inflicted injury rates few studies have examined the factors, associated with suicide:self-inflicted injury in females. In a new Study, looking only at women, researchers from Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine and Howard University have identified Black women, 18–65, to have the highest risk for suicide irrespective of their socio-economic status.

|| Epidemiology || The First Epidemiological Study Links Popular Weight-loss Drugs to Stomach Paralysis and Other Serious Gastro-intestinal Conditions ||

|| Friday: October 06: 2023 || ά. First epidemiological study links popular weight-loss drugs to stomach paralysis, other serious gastro-intestinal conditions. They’re being hailed as an effective way to lose weight but diabetes drugs like Ozempic may come with a heightened risk of severe gastro-intestinal problems.

That’s according to new research from the University of British Columbia showing that medications, known as GLP-1 agonists, which includes brands like Wegovy, Ozempic, Rybelsus and Saxenda, are associated with an increased risk of serious medical conditions, including stomach paralysis, pancreatitis and bowel obstruction.

|| Medicine || New Immunotherapy Treatment For Leukaemia Possible ||

|| Thursday: October 05: 2023 || ά. Researchers have identified a novel immunotherapy for acute myeloid leukaemia:AML. Immune cells are programmed to recognise a mutation, found in leukaemia patients. The results provide hope for new and effective treatment for the most common form of leukaemia in adults. Blood cells are formed and matured in the bone marrow.

However, sometimes mutations or damage occur in the cells' genetic material. This can lead to uncontrolled growth of blood cells and improper maturation. AML is a type of acute blood cancer where the bone marrow gets overcrowded with such immature blood cells. "AML is a disease with a very poor prognosis. With standard treatment, one-third of patients have a five-year survival rate after diagnosis." Says Professor Johanna Olweus, who is a professor at the University of Oslo and the Head of Department of Cancer Immunology at the Cancer Clinic at Oslo University Hospital and a world-leading researcher in immunotherapy.

|| Mother Earth || The Ozone Hole Goes Large Again ||

|| Thursday: October 05: 2023 || ά. Measurements, from the Copernicus Sentinel-5P satellite, show that this year’s ozone hole over Antarctica is one of the biggest on record. The hole, which is what scientists call an ‘ozone depleting area,’ reached a size of 26 million square kilometre on September 16, 2023. This is roughly three times the size of Brazil. The size of the ozone hole fluctuates on a regular basis. From August to October, the ozone hole increases in size, reaching a maximum between middle of September and middle of October.

When temperatures high up in the stratosphere start to rise in the southern hemisphere, the ozone depletion slows, the polar vortex weakens and finally breaks down and by the end of December ozone levels return to normal. Launched in October 2017, Copernicus Sentinel-5P, short for Sentinel-5 Precursor, is the first Copernicus satellite dedicated to monitoring our atmosphere. It is part of the fleet of Copernicus Sentinel missions, that ESA develops for the European Union’s environmental monitoring programme.

|| United Kingdom || NHS Trusts Are Earning Hundreds of Millions of Pounds in Private Income: New Study Shows Their Clear Direction Towards Commercialisation ||

|| Tuesday: October 03: 2023 || ά. Hospital trusts are relying more and more on private income to boost their finances, with one Trust making more than half their income from commercial activities, a new Study has shown. NHS organisations are implementing strategies to make income from commercial activities.

University of York academics looked at six high-profile NHS trusts as case studies and found them to be making between 12% and 53% of their total income from commercial activities in 2021:22, including activity from treating private patients and running labs and pharmacies to establishing branches abroad.

|| Epidemiology || Malaria Kills Nearly Half a Million Children in the African Region Every Year: The World Health Organisation Recommends R21:Matrix-M Vaccine For Malaria Prevention ||

|| Monday: October 02: 2023 || ά. The World Health Organisation:WHO has recommended a new vaccine, R21:Matrix-M, for the prevention of malaria in children. The recommendation follows advice from the WHO: Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunisation:SAGE and the Malaria Policy Advisory Group:MPAG and was endorsed by the WHO Director-General, following its regular bi-annual meeting, held on September 25-29.

The R21 and RTS.S vaccines act against P. falciparum, the deadliest malaria parasite and the most prevalent on the African continent. The updated WHO recommendation for malaria vaccines was informed by the results of the WHO-co-ordinated Malaria Vaccine Implementation Programme, through which nearly two million children in Ghana, Kenya and Malawi have been reached with the RTS.S:AS01 malaria vaccine since 2019.

|| Molecular Biology || New Research Presents the Most Important Early Stage of Embryonic Development ||

|| Friday: September 29: 2023 || ά. A new discovery by researchers challenges our current understanding of gastrulation, the most important stage of early embryonic development. When the zygote or the fertilised egg, starts to develop, soon forming inner cell mass, a cluster of cells, that will, eventually, develop into the individual, retains its pluripotent stem cell potential for the first few weeks. In other words, every cell in this cluster has the ability to form an entire new individual and all of the hundreds of different cell types, that the human body needs.

The potential of stem cell therapies is based on this pluripotency of early embryonic stem cells. Gastrulation is a crucial stage in embryonic development where this pluripotency is lost when the germ layers of the embryo as ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm, and the three body axes of the developing body, anterior and posterior, dorsal and ventral, left and right, are formed. In fact, gastrulation is, often, referred to as the most important stage of life, with a large share of early miscarriages, resulting from unsuccessful gastrulation.

|| Medicine || The Enzyme Aurora B May Offer Hope For New Treatment Option For Cancer ||

|| Thursday: September 28: 2023 || ά. Researchers at the Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway:NCMM, have demonstrated the mechanisms behind the activation of Aurora B, a central conductor of cell division. Their findings can lay the foundations for developing new cancer drugs. Cell division is a fundamental process for all living things, where one cell divides into two cells. It allows for a human being to grow from a single fertilised egg cell, for wounds to heal and for dead cells to be replenished with new ones.

By the time the reader has read this sentence, millions of cells throughout a human physiology have divided themselves. When a cell divides, it happens through a series of carefully controlled steps and they happen as and when needed. Cancer, on the other hand, is characterised by cells having gained the ability to divide uncontrollably. ‘’We can say that cancer is a cell division disease. That’s why scientists are working to find new cancer treatments, that disrupt the process of cell division, so that the cancer cells die instead of dividing.’’ Said Dario Segura-Pena.

|| Biomedicojurisprudence || Self-regulation of Pharma Industry Marketing Is Unsustainable and Failing Patients: New Analysis ||

|| Thursday: September 28: 2023 || ά. In most European countries, as well as, Japan, Canada and Australia, the regulation of marketing practices relies heavily on industry self-regulation in which industry trade groups are trusted to set and police the rules of appropriate industry conduct. Among these, the Code of Practice of the Association of British Pharmaceutical Industry:ABPI is one of the best-known industry rule books.

Healthcare professionals and organisations need to respond more forcefully to unethical marketing from the pharmaceutical industry by holding offending companies to greater account and by supporting stronger regulation, according to the authors of a new British Medical Journal:BMJ Study. The BMJ review argues that leaving self-regulation in the industry’s hands is not sustainable. The research cites the recent example of the Danish drug company Novo Nordisk, which in March 2023 was suspended from the ABPI for serious breaches of its Code of Practice, following a widely publicised scandal, involving the unethical marketing of its anti-obesity drug Saxenda.

|| The Antarctic || Antarctica’s Record-Breaking Heatwave Marks a Year of Climate Extremes ||

|| Thursday: September 28: 2023 || ά. A record-breaking heatwave and a new all-time low for sea-ice cover marked 2022 as a year of alarming extremes in Antarctica, the latest State of the Climate report shows. ‘’The Report, an annual review of the world’s climate, confirmed greenhouse gases, global sea level and ocean heat all hit new highs in 2022. Antarctica’s temperature and sea-ice records were, also, broken.’’ Said Dr Kyle Clem, the Lead Editor of the Report’s chapter on Antarctica and the Southern Ocean and a lecturer in climate science at Te Herenga Waka, Victoria University of Wellington.

“An unprecedented heatwave hit East Antarctica in March 2022, pushing temperatures in the cold, high elevation interior to a new all-time high of −09.4°C. This far exceeds the March average of −53.4°C and resulted in significant surface melting along the East Antarctica coast. Shortly after, we saw the collapse of the critically unstable Conger Ice Shelf.” Dr Clem said. Warmer temperatures throughout 2022, also, saw more than 100 days of record-low sea ice around the continent.

|| Orphan Diseases || Scientists Discover A Potential New Drug Target NLRP3 Inflammasome For Treating Debilitating Skin Disease Hidradenitis Suppurativa ||

|| Thursday: September 28: 2023 || ά. A research team, led by scientists from the Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute:TBSI, has unearthed the possible target for treating the debilitating skin disease hidradenitis suppurativa:HS, which is a painful, chronic, inflammatory skin condition, that can last decades. Despite affecting up to 01% of the population it is, often, under-recognised and under-diagnosed.

Given its high morbidity, reduced quality of life and poorly understood disease trajectory, there is an unmet need for effective therapeutic options, with new treatments badly needed. In the new research, led by Dr Barry Moran and Conor Smith from Trinity’s School of Biochemistry and Immunology and Professor Jean Fletcher from the School of Medicine, the scientists identified significantly increased numbers of pro-inflammatory immune cells in skin samples, collected from HS patients.

|| Archaeology || Archaeologists Discover 476,000 Years Old Wooden Structure Built By the Stone Age Early Humans That Predated Homo Sapiens ||

|| Thursday: September 28: 2023 || ά. Half a million years ago, earlier than was previously thought possible, humans were building structures made of wood, according to new research by a team of archaeologists from the University of Liverpool and Aberystwyth University. The research, published in the journal Nature, reports on the excavation of well-preserved wood at the archaeological site of Kalambo Falls, Zambia, dating back at least 476,000 years and pre-dating the evolution of Homo sapiens.

Expert analysis of stone tool cut-marks on the wood show that these early humans shaped and joined two large logs to make a structure, probably, the foundation of a platform or part of a dwelling. This is the earliest evidence from anywhere in the world of the deliberate crafting of logs to fit together. Until now, evidence for the human use of wood was limited to its use for making fire, digging sticks and spears. Wood is rarely found in such ancient sites as it usually rots and disappears but at Kalambo Falls permanently high water levels preserved the wood.

|| Community || Belsize Creates On England’s Lane: Because Humanity Creates Communities||

|| Wednesday: September 27: 2023 || ά. England’s Lane. Outside number 28 the Royal Mail post box stands quietly like all other red post boxes in London; except, this one has two very special claims: one that it is an NHS Priority Post Box because it is just outside the local community pharmacy, Allchin and, second that concerns today’s story that it is a living-breathing community art gallery! Since the community group, Belsize Creates, that meets at the local Belsize Community Library on every Wednesday, between 13:00 and 16:00, came to put up their latest display today.

And they create all kinds of beautiful knitting works, which they have been displaying over and around the physical body of this post box on a regular basis. They generally work on a specific themed project for a period of time and, once completed, the Group brings the art work to the post box and taking the old display down, which may have been there for few weeks, they put up the new one.    

|| Physics || There Are No Limits to the Imagination: Professor Urs Gasser: Finally Explaining the Telepathy of the Microgel Disappearing ||

|| Tuesday: September 26: 2023 || ά.  Researchers at the Paul Scherrer Institute:PSI and the University of Barcelona, have managed to explain the strange behaviour of microgels. Their measurements, using neutron beams have pushed this measuring technique to its limits. The results open up opportunities for new applications in materials and pharmaceutical research. The Paul Scherrer Institute:PSI develops, builds and operates large, complex research facilities and makes them available to the national and international research community. 

The Institute's own key research priorities are in the fields of future technologies, energy and climate, health innovation and fundamentals of nature. PSI is committed to the training of future generations. They flow through our arteries, add colour to our walls or make milk tasty: tiny particles or droplets, that are very finely distributed in a solvent. Together they form a colloid. Whereas the physics of colloids, involving hard particles, such as, colour pigments in emulsion paint, is understood well, colloids involving soft particles, such as, haemoglobin, the red pigment in blood or droplets of fat in milk, hold some startling surprises.

|| Genetics || The Same Genes Behind Heart Muscle Disorders in Humans and Dogs ||

|| Tuesday: September 26: 2023 || ά. Researchers have made a significant finding in determining the genetic background of dilated cardiomyopathy in Dobermanns. This research helps the understanding of the genetic risk factors, related to fatal diseases of the heart muscle and the mechanisms, underlying the disease and offers new tools for their prevention.

Researchers from the University of Helsinki and the Folkhälsan Research Centre, together with their international partners, have identified the genetic background of dilated cardiomyopathy, a disease, that enlarges the heart muscle, in both dogs and humans. Based on a dataset, encompassing more than 500 Dobermanns, the disease was associated with two nearby genomic loci, where changes were identified in genes, that affect the functioning, energy metabolism and structure of the heart muscle. The Study showed that these same risk genes cause heart muscle disease in human patients.

|| Humanics || The Humanion at The Ninth Year: Sunday: September 24: 2023: Humanics: All-For-One-One-For-All ||

|| Sunday: September 24: 2023: Munayem Mayenin || ά. All so-called civilisations humanity attempted from the dawn of the species, invariably, established themselves as monstrosity by virtue of which all of them disappeared from the earth; some without even any trace. Each one stood against the rule of law, each one stood for utter, comprehensive, absolute and all-engulfing contradictions, antagonisms, incongruities, absurdities and paradoxes and, thus, stood against natural justice and each one challenged the very nature itself and came to become unsustainable and, invariably, collapsed. This current one of dehumanisation began with the fall of humanity into dehumanisation from the point of the invention of ownership both of nature and means of production, means of transactions and the enforcement of enslavement of humanity itself. These very things are anti-nature: anti-nature is that what is constituted and defined by contradictions, antagonisms, incongruities, absurdities and paradoxes. Capitalism now as pseudonomics has reached a state that humanity can now achieve an existence of universal Building-Block Foundational Human Rights, which humanics has brought into being:  

A: Absolute Right to Live in Clean, Healthy, Safe and Natural Environment: B: Absolute Right to Breathe Natural, Fresh, Clean and Safe Air: C: Absolute Right to Necessary Nutritional Balanced Food and Drink: D: Absolute Right to Free Medical Care at the Point of Need: E: Absolute Right to an Absolute Home: F: Absolute Right to Free Degree-Level Education and Life Long Learning: G: Absolute Right to Guaranteed Social Care: H: Absolute Right to a Universal Income: I: Absolute Right to a Job: J: Absolute Right to Dignified Civic and Human Funeral Paid Through by Universal Income 

Yet, capitalism destroys all such rights and enforces nothing but a burning darkness of ‘poverty’ of everything! And the world is made a living hell for most of humanity and ever-going hardship, suffering, agony and pain are distributed to the vast multitude of humanity while the profiteers advance their powers, prowess and hold over all and dictate, direct and herd all humanity and lead them towards a definitive annihilation, elimination and obliteration: this is the ultimate evidence of capitalism as pseudonomics being anti-nature: a manifestation of the monstrosities of contradictions, antagonisms, incongruities, absurdities and paradoxes. For what can it answer were a child to ask: why should millions of young children die of hunger and suffer malnutrition and ill health? Why should not all children and young people get universal education and healthcare? Why should people live in hunger and suffer malnutrition when we can eradicate these sufferings? Why should people be left to die on the street? Why should humanity suffer from countless, endless and ever-going and ever-hardening march past of nothing but agony and suffering while these can be eradicated? It has not answer but to offer this: because capitalism as pseudonomics is a construct of contradictions, antagonisms, incongruities, absurdities and paradoxes. This is why it exists against the natural gradient system, which ensures natural justice so that the necessary power or force always goes where it is needed most and then follows the gradient of necessity but capitalism ensures the exact opposite of it: it sends the power to where it is not needed at all. It makes a millionaire richer by every second while it does the opposite to a poor worker: it robs away the poor worker every second so that she:he keeps on getting poorer and more powerless every second. For values can not be created by the rich but by the workers and the rich can only acquire it by robbing it from them and gather them in heaps so that their pseudonomic siphoning devices open up blackholes and they keep on siphoning away the worker-created values to their heaps, that keep on getting larger and larger. And the larger these heaps get the smaller the workers’ portions keep on becoming. So that soon there arises this state of utter monstrosity that 01% of the rich own 99% of the wealth and value while 99% of the rest of humanity can not keep on holding onto their tiny little 01% because the 99% keep on drawing on and taking all towards the grand robbery heap of the rich!

|| The Universe || Majestic Details of Beautiful Cassiopeia A ||

|| Sunday: September 24: 2023 || ά. The explosion of a star is a dramatic event but, the remains the star leaves behind can be even more dramatic. A new mid-infrared image from NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope provides one stunning example. It shows the supernova remnant Cassiopeia A, Cas A, created by a stellar explosion 340 years ago from Earth’s perspective. Cas A is the youngest known remnant from an exploding, massive star in our galaxy, which makes it a unique opportunity to learn more about how such supernovae occur.

“Cas A represents our best opportunity to look at the debris field of an exploded star and run a kind of stellar autopsy to understand what type of star was there beforehand and how that star exploded.” said Danny Milisavljevic of Purdue University in West Lafayette, Indiana, principal investigator of the Webb programme, that captured these observations. “Compared to previous infrared images, we see incredible detail, that we haven't been able to access before.” Said Tea Temim of Princeton University in Princeton, New Jersey, a co-investigator on the programme.

|| Dr Mae Jemison: The First Black Woman in Space Awarded Honorary Doctor of Engineering Degree by the University College Dublin ||

|| Sunday: September 24: 2023 || ά. Inter-stellar explorer Dr Mae Jemison, the first black woman to travel into space, has been awarded an honorary degree by University College Dublin for epitomising the University's motto, Ad astra, ‘to the stars’. Part of the Space Shuttle Endeavour mission in 1992, Dr Mae, as she is, often, known, served six years as a NASA astronaut and was the first black woman to go into space during a joint mission with the Japanese space agency.

She graduated from Stanford University with a Bachelor of Science degree in Chemical Engineering and a Bachelor of Arts degree in African and Afro-American Studies. She received her medical degree from Cornell University Medical College and has served as the Area Peace Corps Medical Officer for Sierra Leone and Liberia.